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Lead author and director of biostatistics Jeffrey S. Spence, PhD, explained, “This study is unique in that our team used a brain biomarker to track brain health rather than disease. Establishing such a clear functional relationship between the BrainHealth Index and this neural biomarker reinforces the value of the Index to measure the state of one’s brain health – without the need for expensive imaging procedures.”
Contributing author Sandra Bond Chapman, PhD, founder and chief director at Center for BrainHealth and Dee Wyly Distinguished Professor at UT Dallas stated, “To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to demonstrate predictive markers of improved brain health with combined neural changes and behavioral gains following cognitive training in young to older age healthy adults.” “Group findings show statistical significance, but clinical significance is achieved when we can specify at an individual level who benefits or fails to respond to different treatment protocols,” she continued. “This study takes us one step closer to precision brain health, which will ultimately allow interventions to be tailored to individuals.”This study, focused on markers of brain improvement, was graciously supported by private philanthropy from Sammons Enterprises, Inc. 
Figure 1. Researchers discovered that study participants who had normal hemodynamic response functions and showed a measurable decrease in amplitude between the baseline and second scans (indicating increased efficiency, as in the example above), also demonstrated gains in their BrainHealth Index.
